AOCS Official Method Aa 9a-97
Reapproved 2017
Aflatoxins in Corn and Peanuts by Thin-Layer Chromatography Method

DEFINITION
This method detects aflatoxins either visually or densitometrically. Aflatoxins are extracted from samples with methanol/water. Filtrate is diluted with NaCl solution and defatted with hexane. Aflatoxins are partitioned into chloroform which is then removed by evaporation. Aflatoxins are purified by chromatography on 0.5 g silica gel column, and quantitated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel 60 plate with densitometry or visual estimation.

SCOPE
Applicable to corn and raw peanuts. Levels of aflatoxins may be determined densitometrically in the range of 1.5–5.0 ug/g and visually in the range of 7.5–50 ng/g.

AOCS Recommended Practice Aa 11-05
Reapproved 2017
Aflatoxins by HPLC Using Postcolumn Photochemical Derivatization

SCOPE
The method is applicable to the analysis of aflatoxin containing extracts when using HPLC.

AOCS Official Method Aa 8-83
Revised 2022
Aflatoxins in Cottonseed and Cottonseed Products, Thin-Layer Chromatography Method

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁, and G₂ under the conditions of the test (see References 1–3).

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed, cottonseed meats, cottonseed flakes, cottonseed meal, and ammoniated cottonseed meal.

AOCS Official Method Aa 10-88
Revised 2022
Aflatoxin Standards

DEFINITION
This method is for the preparation of aflatoxin B₁, B₂, G₁, and G₂ standards.

SCOPE
Standards to be used for aflatoxin quantitation (see AOCS Laboratory Safety. Handling concentrated aflatoxins is extremely hazardous, where possible standards should be purchased in diluted form).

AOCS Official Method Aa 2-38
Reapproved 2017
Foreign Matter in Cottonseed Laboratory Sample

DEFINITION
All material passing a 3.35 mm sieve no. 6 NIST; any portions of bolls, sticks and leaves from the cotton plant; any noncotton material; and any unginned locks of cotton are removed as foreign material.

SCOPE
Application to laboratory sample of cottonseed.

AOCS Official Method Aa 6-38
Reapproved 2017
Free Fatty Acids in Cottonseed

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the free fatty acids in the oil removed from the seed by petroleum ether extraction (see AOCS Laboratory Safety).

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed oil extracted according to Method Aa 4-38 or oils obtained from dehulled and ground cottonseed meats following the extraction condition as described in Method Aa 4-38.

AOCS Official Method Aa 3-38
Reapproved 2017
Moisture and Volatile Matter in Cottonseed

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the moisture and any material that is volatile under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed.

AOCS Official Method Aa 5-91
Revised 2017
Nitrogen and Protein in Cottonseed and Cottonseed Meals, Modified Kjeldahl Method

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines total nitrogen in cottonseed and cottonseeed meals by a modified Kjeldahl method using a catalyst free from mercury. Nitrogen content times 6.25 is used to calculate protein content of cottonseed and cottonseed meals.

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed, cottonseed meats, and meal and ground cake or pellets from cottonseed.

AOCS Official Method Aa 4-38
Revised 2017
Oil Content, Crude in Cottonseed

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by petroleum ether under conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed. This method is recommended for the extraction of oil used in the determination of the free fatty acid content of cottonseed oil.

AOCS Official Method Aa 7-55
Reapproved 2017
Residual Lint in Cottonseed

DEFINITION
This method determines the residual lint (cellulose fiber) on the seed.

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed. Replaces Aa 7-44.

AOCS Official Method Aa 1-38
Reapproved 2017
Sampling Cottonseed

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed.

*Surplus methods have been declared obsolete by the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for one of the following reasons: obsolescence, replacement by another method, or a product associated with the method is no longer being marketed. Surplus methods are still available for historical and research purposes at the normal individual-method rate.*  

AOCS SURPLUS Method Aa 5-38
Declared Surplus 1989
Modified Kjeldahl Method (Cottonseed)

DEFINITION
This method determines, as ammonia, the total nitrogen content of the sample.

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed.

AOCS Official Method Aa 9-86
Reapproved 2017
Thin-Layer Chromatography Confirmation of Aflatoxins

DEFINITION
This method identifies aflatoxins B₁ and G₁ by formation of the derivatives B_2a and G_2a on TLC plates (see References, 1).

SCOPE
Applicable to solutions suitable for TLC of cereal grains, cottonseed, and peanuts, and their products.

AOCS Official Method Ab 7-91
Revised 2022
Aflatoxins in Peanuts and Peanut Products, HPLC Fluorescence Method

DEFINITION
This method quantitatively determines aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁, and G₂ under the conditions of the test (see References, 1).

SCOPE
Applicable to corn, raw peanuts, and peanut butter with concentrations =10 µg/kg (ppb).

AOCS Official Method Ab 6-68
Reapproved 2017
Aflatoxins in Peanuts and Peanut Products, Thin-Layer Chromatography Method

DEFINITION
This method determines aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁, and G₂ under the conditions of the test (see References, 1).

SCOPE
Applicable to raw and roasted peanuts, peanut meal, and peanut butter.

AOCS Official Method Ab 5-49
Reapproved 2017
Free Fatty Acids in Peanuts

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the free fatty acids in the oil removed from the seed by petroleum ether extraction at room temperature.

SCOPE
Applicable to peanuts. Replaced Ab 5-38.

AOCS Official Method Ab 2-49
Reapproved 2017
Moisture and Volatile Matter in Peanuts

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the moisture and any material that is volatile under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to peanuts, whole nuts and shelled stock. Formerly Ab 2-47.

AOCS Official Method Ab 4-91
Reapproved 2017
Nitrogen and Protein in Peanuts, Modified Kjeldahl Method

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines total nitrogen in peanuts by a modified Kjeldahl method using a catalyst free from mercury. Nitrogen content times 6.25 is used to calculate protein content of peanuts.

SCOPE
Applicable to peanuts (groundnuts). Replaced Ab 4-50.

AOCS Official Method Ab 3-49
Reapproved 2017
Oil in Peanuts

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substance extracted by petroleum ether under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to raw and roasted peanut kernels. Formerly Ab 3-47.

AOCS Official Method Ab 1-49
Reapproved 2017
Sampling Peanuts

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

SCOPE
Applicable to peanuts, whole nuts and shelled stock. Formerly Ab 1-38.

*Surplus methods have been declared obsolete by the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for one of the following reasons: obsolescence, replacement by another method, or a product associated with the method is no longer being marketed. Surplus methods are still available for historical and research purposes at the normal individual-method rate.*  

DEFINITION
This method determines, as ammonia, the total nitrogen content of the sample.

SCOPE
Applicable to peanuts.

AOCS Official Method Ac 6-16
Approved 2017
Extraction and Indirect Enzyme-Linked-Lectin-Assay (ELLA) Analysis of Soybean Agglutinin in Soybean Grain

DEFINITION
This method specifies a procedure to extract and quantitate the Soybean Agglutinin (SBA) protein, also known as soybean lectin, by an Enzyme-Linked-Lectin Assay (ELLA). The assay utilizes the carbohydrate specificity of lectins by using polyacrylamide linked carbohydrates for capture and biotin labeled carbohydrates for detection. Specifically it uses a polyacrylamide-linked N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc-PAA) for capture and the biotinylated version (GalNAc-PAA-Biotin) for detection. To ensure optimal extraction of the protein and reliability of assay results, perform the procedures according to the parameters specified.

SCOPE
Applicable to measuring the soybean anti-nutrient, lectin, in soybean grain.

AOCS Official Method Ac 5-41
Reapproved 2017
Free Fatty Acids in Soybeans

DEFINITION
This method determines the free fatty acids in oil removed from the seed by petroleum ether extraction at room temperature.

SCOPE
Applicable to soybeans.

AOCS Official Method Ac 2-41
Reapproved 2017
Moisture and Volatile Matter in Soybeans

DEFINITION
This method determines the moisture and any material that is volatile under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to soybeans.

AOCS Official Method Ac 4-91
Revised 2017
Nitrogen and Protein in Soybeans, Modified Kjeldahl Method

DEFINITION
This method determines total nitrogen content and protein as 6.25 times the nitrogen content of the sample.

SCOPE
Applicable to soybeans. Replaces Ac 4-41.

AOCS Official Method Ac 3-44
Reapproved 2017
Oil in Soybeans

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted from ground soybean seeds by petroleum ether under the conditions of the test. Approximately 0.6–0.7% of the soybean oil extracted is phospholipid.

SCOPE
Applicable to soybeans.

AOCS Official Method Ac 1-45
Reapproved 2017
Sampling Soybeans

SCOPE
Applicable to soybeans.

*Surplus methods have been declared obsolete by the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for one of the following reasons: obsolescence, replacement by another method, or a product associated with the method is no longer being marketed. Surplus methods are still available for historical and research purposes at the normal individual-method rate.*  

DEFINITION
This method determines, as ammonia, the total nitrogen content of the sample.

SCOPE
Applicable to soybeans.

AOCS Official Method Ad 2-52
Reapproved 2017
Moisture and Volatile Matter in Tung Fruit and Hulls

DEFINITION
This method determines moisture and any material that is volatile under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to tung fruit, hulled tung fruit, hulls and mixtures of hulled tung fruit and hulls.

AOCS Official Method Ad 6-52
Reapproved 2017
Oil in Hulled Tung Fruit

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by petroleum ether under the conditions of the test (see References, 1).

SCOPE
Applicable to hulled tung fruit.

AOCS Official Method Ad 5-52
Reapproved 2017
Oil in Tung Kernels

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by petroleum ether under the conditions of the test (see References, 1).

SCOPE
Applicable to tung kernels.

AOCS Official Method Ad 3-52
Reapproved 2017
Oil in Whole Tung Fruit

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by petroleum ether under the conditions of the test1 (see References, 1).

SCOPE
Applicable to whole tung fruit.

AOCS Official Method Ad 4-52
Reapproved 2017
Physical Analysis of Tung Fruit

DEFINITION
This method determines the kernel content of tung fruit under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to whole tung fruit.

AOCS Official Method Ad 1-48
Reapproved 2017
Sampling Tung Fruit

SCOPE
Applicable to sampling tung fruit or hulled tung fruit during unloading from truck, wagon or carload lots.

AOCS Official Method Ae 4-52
Reapproved 2017
Free Fatty Acids

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the free fatty acids in oil removed from the seed by methyl alcohol extraction at room temperature.

SCOPE
Applicable to castor seeds (see Notes, Caution).

AOCS Official Method Ae 2-52
Reapproved 2017
Moisture and Volatile Matter in Castor Seeds

DEFINITION
This method determines moisture and any material that is volatile under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to castor seeds (see AOCS Laboratory Safety).

AOCS Official Method Ae 3-52
Reapproved 2017
Oil in Castor Seeds

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by commercial hexane under the conditions of the test (see References, 1).

SCOPE
Applicable to castor seeds (see AOCS Laboratory Safety).

AOCS Official Method Af 2-54
Reapproved 2017
Moisture and Volatile Matter (Flaxseed)

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines moisture and any material that is volatile under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to flaxseed.

AOCS Official Method Af 3-54
Reapproved 2017
Oil Content (Flaxseed)

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by petroleum ether under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to flaxseed. This method requires grinding the sample on a special mill which is not a in many laboratories and which is no longer manufactured. It is recommended that AOCS Official Method Am 2-93 be used.

AOCS Official Method Af 1-54
Reapproved 2017
Sampling (Flaxseed)

SCOPE
Applicable to flaxseed.

AOCS Official Method Ag 1-65
Reapproved 2017
Oil in Safflower Seed

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by petroleum ether under the conditions of the test (see References, 1).

SCOPE
Applicable to safflower seed.

AOCS Official Method Ah 1-72
Reapproved 2017
Aflatoxins in Copra and Copra Meal, Thin-Layer Chromatography Method

DEFINITION
This method determines aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁, and G₂ under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to copra and copra meal.

AOCS Official Method Ai 2-75
Reapproved 2017
Moisture and Volatile Matter in Sunflower Seed

DEFINITION
This method determines moisture and any material that is volatile under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to sunflower seed.

AOCS Official Method Ai 4-91
Revised 2017
Nitrogen and Protein in Sunflower Seed, Modified Kjeldahl Method

DEFINITION
This method determines total nitrogen in sunflower seed by a modified Kjeldahl method using a catalyst free from mercury. Nitrogen content times 6.25 is used to calculate protein content of sunflower seed.

SCOPE
Applicable to sunflower seed. Replaces Ai 4-75.

AOCS Official Method Ai 3-75
Reapproved 2017
Oil Content (Sunflower Seed)

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by petroleum ether under the conditions of the test

SCOPE
Applicable to sunflower seed or dehulle

AOCS Official Method Ai 1-80
Reapproved 2017
Sampling (Sunflower Seed)

SCOPE
Applicable to sunflower seed.

*Surplus methods have been declared obsolete by the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for one of the following reasons: obsolescence, replacement by another method, or a product associated with the method is no longer being marketed. Surplus methods are still available for historical and research purposes at the normal individual-method rate.*  

DEFINITION
This method determines, as ammonia, the total nitrogen content of the sample.

SCOPE
Applicable to sunflower seed.

AOCS Standard Procedure Aj 6a-97
Reapproved 2017
Aflatoxins B₁, B₂, and G₁ in Corn by ELISA Method

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method specifies a screening procedure based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent screening assay (ELISA) for the detection of aflatoxins B₁, B₂, and G₁. The method is based on study conducted by AOAC International.

SCOPE
Applicable to screening aflatoxin B₁, B₂, and G₁contamination in corn at =20 ng/g. If a false negative rate of <5% is required, perform duplicate ELISA on the same test sample extract. Reanalyse positive samples by official, quantitative method.

AOCS Standard Procedure Aj 6-95
Reapproved 2017
Aflatoxins B₁, B₂, and G₁ in Corn, Cottonseed, Peanuts, and Peanut Butter, ELISA Method

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method specifies a screening procedure based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent screening assay (ELISA) for the detection of aflatoxins B₁, B₂, and G₁. The method is based on an international collaborative study conducted jointly by AOAC and IUPAC.

SCOPE
Applicable to screening aflatoxin B₁, B₂, and G₁ contamination in whole cottonseed and peanut butter at =20 ng/g and in corn and canned peanuts at =30 ng/g. If a false negative rate of <5% is required, perform duplicate ELISA on the same test sample extract. Re-analyze positive samples by official, quantitative method.

AOCS Official Method Aj 3-87
Reapproved 2017
Aflatoxins in Corn, Thin-Layer Chromatography Method

DEFINITION
This thin-layer chromatographic method determines aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁, and G₂ under the conditions of the test (see References, 1)

SCOPE
Applicable to corn.

AOCS Official Method Aj 5a-97
Revised 2017
Fumonisins B₁, B₂, and B₃ in Corn by Liquid Chromatography

DEFINITION
This method determines fumonisin B₁, fumonisin B₂, and fumonisin B₃ in corn and corn products using liquid chromatography with pre-column ortho-phthaldialdehyde derivatization and fluorescence detection.

SCOPE
Applicable for determination of total fumonisin B₁, B₂, and B₃ in corn at 800—12,800 ng/g.

AOCS Official Method Aj 5-93
Reapproved 2017
Fumonisins B₁ and B₂ in Corn and Corn-Based Food by Liquid Chromatography

DEFINITION
This method determines fumonisin B₁ and fumonisin B₂ in corn and corn products by liquid chromat­­ography with pre-column ortho-phthaldialdehyde derivatization and fluorescent detection.

SCOPE
Applicable to corn and corn products, and may be used in the analysis of corn meal and breakfast cereals. For back-ground information on fumonisins and further information on the method, see Note 1.

AOCS Official Method Aj 4-89
Reapproved 2017
Oil in Corn Germ

DEFINITION
This method determines the amount of hexane soluble substances in corn germ that are extractable under the test conditions (References, 1).

SCOPE
This method is applicable to whole kernel corn or its milled component parts.

*Surplus methods have been declared obsolete by the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for one of the following reasons: obsolescence, replacement by another method, or a product associated with the method is no longer being marketed. Surplus methods are still available for historical and research purposes at the normal individual-method rate.* 

AOCS SURPLUS Method Aj 1-86
Declared Surplus 2020
Aflatoxins in Corn, Minicolumn Method

DEFINITION
This method detects total aflatoxins (B₁ + B₂ + G₁ + G₂) at concentrations of =10 µg/kg under the conditions of the test (see References, 1).

SCOPE
Applicable to white and yellow corn.

AOCS Official Method Aj 2-86
Reapproved 2017
Zearalenone and a-Zearalenol in Corn, HPLC Method

DEFINITION
This method determines zearalenone and a-zearalenol under the conditions of the test (see AOCS Laboratory Safety; References, 1 and 2).

SCOPE
Applicable to corn.

AOCS Official Method Ak 2-92
Reapproved 2017
Chlorophyll Content in Rapeseed/Canola (Colza) by Spectrometry

DEFINITION
This method, adopted from ISO 10519 (References, 1), defines the chlorophyll content as the total of the substances contributing to the absorption band near 665 nm as determined under the operating conditions specified in this method, measured as chlorophyll a and expressed in milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) of the product as received. The chlorophyll content of the rapeseed/canola (colza) is determined by extraction of a test portion in a suitable apparatus with a solution of ethanol and isooctane, or 2-propanol, methanol and isooctane, followed by the spectrometric deter-mination of the chlorophyll contained in the extraction solution.

SCOPE
This method specifies a spectrometric method for the determination of the chlorophyll content of rapeseed (colza) used as an industrial raw material.

AOCS Official Method Ak 1-92
Reapproved 2017
Glucosinolate Content in Rapeseed and Canola by HPLC

DEFINITION
This method, adopted from Part 1 of ISO 9167 (References, 1), specifies a procedure for the determination of the content of different glucosinolates in rapeseed (colza) by extraction of glucosinolates in a methanol solution, then purification and enzymatic desulfation on ion-exchange resins, followed by determination using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with gradient elution and ultraviolet detection.

SCOPE
This method does not determine glucosinolates that are substituted on the glucose molecule, but these compounds are of little importance in commercial rapeseed.

AOCS Recommended Practice Ak 3-94
Revised 2017
Oil Content of Oilseeds by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the oil content of rapeseed by continuous-wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The NMR instrument determines the response of liquid compounds containing hydrogen in seeds that have been previously dried. The oil content is calculated on an as-is basis from the NMR signal by reference to a calibration of NMR response versus oil content determined by solvent extraction.

SCOPE
Applicable to rapeseed, soybean, sunflower seed, and peanut.

AOCS Recommended Practice Ak 5-01
Reapproved 2017
Simultaneous Determination of Oil and Moisture Contents of Oilseeds Residues Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry

DEFINITION
This is a rapid method for the determination of the oil and moisture contents of commercial oilseed ­residues, using a pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (pNMR) spectrometer.

SCOPE
The method applies to oilseed residues such as flour, plates, or agglomerates, provided the particles are smaller than 2 mm and the water content is not higher than the conversion threshold.

AOCS Recommended Practice Ak 4-95
Revised 2017
Simultaneous Determination of Oil and Moisture Contents of Oilseeds Using Pulsed NMR Spectrometry

DEFINITION
This International Standard specifies a rapid method for the determination of the oil and moisture contents of commercial oilseeds, using a pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (pNMR) spectrometer.

SCOPE
The method has been tested on rapeseed, soybeans, linseeds, and sunflower seeds.2 It applies to oilseeds with a moisture content of less than 10%.3

AOCS Analytical Guidelines Am 1a-09
Revised 2017
Near Infrared Spectroscopy Instrument Management and Prediction Model Development

DEFINITION
This procedure provides general guidelines for the development and the validation of near infrared (NIR) prediction models and their related instrument management.

SCOPE
This procedure presents general tools for the management of near infrared (NIR) instruments, the development of NIR prediction models, their validation, evaluation, and transfer to other units.

AOCS Official Method Am 4-02
Reapproved 2017
Impurities in Oilseeds

DEFINITION
Oilseed impurities are separated in the method by sieving and sorting, into three categories: fines, non-­oleaginous impurities, and oleaginous impurities. The mass of total impurities is determined or, on request, the mass of each category of impurity. Impurities in oilseeds refers to all foreign matter, organic and inorganic, other than seeds of the species under consideration. Fines in oilseeds is defined as particles passing through the sieves of aperture sizes given in Table 1, according to the species being analyzed.

SCOPE
This method determines the impurities content in oilseeds used as primary industrial materials. It also defines the various categories of what are usually understood to be impurities.

AOCS Official Method Am 2-93
Revised 2017
Oil Content in Oilseeds

DEFINITION
This method determines the oil content of oilseeds used as industrial raw materials by solvent extraction. The oil content is defined as the whole of the substances extracted under operating conditions specified in this method, and expressed as a percentage by weight of the product either as received or of the cleaned seed. On request, it may be expressed relative to the dry weight. This method is based on ISO Method 659.

SCOPE
Applicable to all oilseeds used as industrial raw materials. In addition, the following may be analyzed separately: the pure seeds and impurities;2 peanuts—the pure seeds, the total fines, and the non- and oleaginous impurities. In general, this method is applicable in international trade and in the resolution of trade disputes. For sunflower seeds see Note 10.

AOCS Official Method Am 3-96
Revised 2017
Oil in Oilseeds, Supercritical Fluid Extraction Method

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
Oil is extracted from the prepared oilseed with a supercritical fluid (liquid carbon dioxide) and deposited directly onto glass wool contained in a collection apparatus. After evaporation of moisture and any residual modifier from the glass wool and collection apparatus, the weight of extracted oil is determined and used to calculate the percent oil in the original sample.

SCOPE
This two-part method is specifically designed to determine either (a) process-scale extractable oil with results comparable to AOCS methods for determining oil content using the Butt extraction apparatus, or (b) total oil content with results comparable to exhaustive extraction methods. The method is applicable to the determination of the oil content of soybeans, safflower, sunflower, cottonseed, and canola. Prepared samples are extracted with either supercritical CO₂ alone or CO₂ + 15% ethyl alcohol as a modifier. Flow rates are given in temperature-independent flow values.

AOCS Standard Procedure Am 1-92
Reapproved 2017
Oil, Moisture and Volatile Matter, and Protein by Near-Infrared Reflectance

DEFINITION
This procedure is for the simultaneous determination of oil, moisture and volatile matter, and protein in oilseeds by near-infrared reflectance (NIR).

SCOPE
Determinations may be made either on the cleaned seed or on the sample as received (cleaned seed plus impurities), provided that the impurities do not exceed 2.0% by mass of the sample. The method is valid only within the calibra-tion ranges of the analyzer.

AOCS Standard Procedure Am 5-04
Reapproved 2017
Rapid Determination of Oil/Fat Utilizing High-Temperature Solvent Extraction

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by petroleum ether under conditions of the test. The compounds extracted, in most samples, are predominantly triacylglycerides. Small amounts of other lipids along with minor components having some solubility in petroleum ether are also extracted.

SCOPE
This method is applicable to extractions of oilseeds, meats, feeds, and foods and is equivalent to the petroleum ether extraction performed by the Butt and Soxhlet extraction apparatus.

AOCS Official Method Ba 5-49
Revised 2022
Ash in Oilseed Cake and Meals

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines as ash the residue remaining after incineration under the conditions specified for the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to cake and meal from cottonseed, soybeans, peanuts, and flaxseed. Formerly Ba 5-47.

AOCS Official Method Ba 12a-2020
Approved 2020
Assaying Trypsin Inhibitor Activity

DEFINITION
This method is used to determine the activity of trypsin inhibitors in food and feed products under the conditions of the assay. It is based on measurement of the difference in absorbance obtained in the absence and the presence of an inhibitor, where a synthetic substance is used as the substrate for bovine trypsin.

SCOPE
Applicable to soybeans, pulses, cereals and other legumes, products processed from these grains and other food and feed products having trypsin inhibitors of proteinaceous nature.

AOCS Standard Procedure Ba 6a-05
Reapproved 2017
Crude Fiber in Feed by Filter Bag Technique

DEFINITION
This method determines crude fiber which is the organic residue remaining after digesting with 0.127 M H2SO4 and 0.313 M NaOH. The compounds removed are predominantly protein, sugar, starch, lipids, and portions of both the structural carbohydrates and lignin.

SCOPE
This method is applicable to all feed materials such as grains, meals, pet foods, mixed feeds, forages, and the following oilseeds: corn and soybeans.

AOCS Official Method Ba 2a-38
Revised 2022
Moisture and Volatile Matter Forced Draft Oven Method

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the moisture in the products specified, and any material that is volatile under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed meats, and meal and ground cake or pellets from cottonseed, soybeans, peanuts, flaxseed, and sunflower seed. For safflower meal see Note 1.

*Surplus methods have been declared obsolete by the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for one of the following reasons: obsolescence, replacement by another method, or a product associated with the method is no longer being marketed. Surplus methods are still available for historical and research purposes at the normal individual-method rate.*  

DEFINITION
This method determines, as ammonia, the total nitrogen content and protein as 6.25 times the nitrogen content of the sample.

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed meats, and meal and ground cake or pellets from cottonseed, soybeans, peanuts and flaxseed.

AOCS Recommended Practice Ba 8a-99
Reapproved 2017
Total Gossypol and Isomers in Cottonseed, Cottonseed By-Products by HPLC

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method describes a procedure for the quantitative determination of both free and bound, (total), gossypol and methoxy-gossypol in glanded and glandless cottonseed, cottonseed meats, and cottonseed meal samples, as the sum of the (+) and (–)-isomers, using HPLC.

SCOPE
Applicable to decorticated cottonseed, cottonseed meats, and ground extracted meal samples.¹

AOCS Official Method Ba 5b-68
Revised 2017
Acid-Insoluble Ash in Oilseed By-Products

DEFINITION
This method determines as acid-insoluble ash the residue remaining after incineration and acid digestion under the conditions specified for the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to oilseed meal products. Formerly Ba 5a-68.

AOCS Recommended Practice Ba 7b-96
Reapproved 2017
Free Gossypol in Cottonseed and Cottonseed By-Products, Rapid Method

DEFINITION
This method for estimating free gossypol (FG) consists of adding water and acetone separately to a fixed sample weight, mixing, filtering, diluting with 65% acetone, and reading absorbance on a spectrophotometer.

SCOPE
Applicable to full-fat cottonseed, cottonseed meats, or expanded collets and solvent-extracted cottonseed meal that contain FG within the ranges of 0.02–0.25% and 0.9–1.8%.

AOCS Recommended Practice Ba 2b-82
Reapproved 2017
Moisture and Volatile Matter of Oilseed Protein Concentrates, Vacuum Oven Method

DEFINITION 
This method determines the moisture and any materials that are volatile under the conditions of the test (see References, 1).

SCOPE 
Applicable to oilseed protein concentrates. Formerly Ba 2a-82.

AOCS Standard Procedure Ba 10b-09
Reapproved 2017
Protein Dispersibility Index (PDI)

DEFINITION
This method determines the dispersible protein in soybean products under the conditions of the test. In contrast to the alternate slow-stir method for Nitrogen Solubility Index (NSI), AOCS Official Method Ba 11-65, because of the faster stirring technique used in this method, will give generally higher results.

SCOPE
Applicable to ground soybeans, whole or ground full-fat or extracted flakes, full-fat and defatted soy flours and grits, and soybean meal. This method has been revised to reflect changes in available mixers detailed in previous versions of this method. The results obtained using this method are highly dependent upon the equipment used and should be instituted appropriately.¹

*Surplus methods have been declared obsolete by the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for one of the following reasons: obsolescence, replacement by another method, or a product associated with the method is no longer being marketed. Surplus methods are still available for historical and research purposes at the normal individual-method rate.*  

DEFINITION
This method determines, as ammonia, the total nitrogen content of the sample.

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed, cottonseed meats, and meal and ground cake or pellets from cottonseed, soybeans, peanuts, and flaxseed.

AOCS Official Method Ba 6-84
Revised 2017
Crude Fiber in Oilseed By-Products

DEFINITION
This method determines, as crude fiber, the loss on incineration of the oven-dried residue remaining after digestion of the sample with dilute sulfuric acid and dilute sodium hydroxide, as specified in the conditions outlined in the procedure.

SCOPE
Applicable to grains, meals, flours, feeds, and all fiber-bearing material from which the oil or fat can be extracted leaving a workable residue. This is a joint AOCS-Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method (References, 1). Replaces Ba 6-49 and Ba 6-61.

*Surplus methods have been declared obsolete by the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for one of the following reasons: obsolescence, replacement by another method, or a product associated with the method is no longer being marketed. Surplus methods are still available for historical and research purposes at the normal individual-method rate.*  

DEFINITION
This method determines, as ammonia, the total nitrogen content of the sample. Automation of the macro Kjeldahl method is in six steps: sample and reagent addition, initial and final digestion, cooling and dilution, sodium hydroxide addition, steam distillation and titration, and automatic pumping of flask contents to contained waste. Chemistry is carried out in macro Kjeldahl flasks equipped with side arms which are rotated at three minute intervals through each successive step.

SCOPE
Applicable to soybean meal.

AOCS Official Method Ba 4d-90
Revised 2022
Nitrogen and Protein Modified Kjeldahl Method

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines total nitrogen content and protein as 6.25 times the nitrogen content of the sample.

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed meats, and meal and ground cake or pellets from cottonseed, soybeans, peanuts, and flaxseed.

AOCS Official Method Ba 4e-93
Reapproved 2017
Generic Combustion Method for Crude Protein

DEFINITION
This method describes a generic combustion method for the determination of crude protein. Combustion at high temperature in pure oxygen frees nitrogen, which is measured by thermal conductivity detection and then converted to equivalent protein by an appropriate numerical factor. This is an alternative method to the mercury catalyst Kjeldahl method and has two advantages: 1) less time is needed for nitrogen determination, and 2) hazardous and toxic chemicals are not utilized.

SCOPE
This generic method is applicable to determine crude protein in animal feeds, oilseed meals and oilseeds (References, 1, 3). Refer to Ba 4f-00 for the NOPA/AOCS Certified Laboratory referee method.

AOCS Official Method Ba 4f-00
Reapproved 2017
Combustion Method for Crude Protein in Soybean Meal

DEFINITION
This method describes a generic combustion method for the determination of crude protein in soybean meal. Combustion at high temperature in pure oxygen frees nitrogen, which is measured by thermal ­conductivity detection and then converted to equivalent protein by an appropriate numerical factor. This is a replacement method for the mercury catalyst and titanium dioxide/copper sulfate Kjeldahl methods and has two advantages: (1) less time is needed for nitrogen determination, and (2) hazardous and toxic ­chemicals are not utilized.

SCOPE
This method is applicable for the determination of crude protein in soybean meal (References, 1, 3).

AOCS Official Method Ba 7-58
Reapproved 2017
Free Gossypol in Cottonseed Products

DEFINITION
The term free gossypol defines gossypol and gossypol derivatives in cottonseed products that are soluble in aqueous acetone under the conditions of the method.

SCOPE
Application to cottonseed, cottonseed meats, cottonseed slab and sized cake, and cottonseed meals of normal commercial production. Application to chemically treated meals should be verified before use.¹

AOCS Official Method Ba 13-87
Reapproved 2017
“Free” Hexane Content in Extracted Meals

DEFINITION
“Free” hexane content of extracted meals is determined by heating the sample at 80 °C in a closed vessel after addition of an internal standard and determining hexane in the headspace by gas chromatography.

SCOPE
This method is applicable to the determination of “free” volatile hydrocarbons, expressed in terms of hexane, remaining in oilseed residues after extraction with hydrocarbon-based solvents. This method is equivalent to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Standard Method 1.172 (References, 1 and 2).

AOCS Official Method Ba 11-65
Revised 2022
Nitrogen Solubility Index (NSI)

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the dispersible nitrogen in soybean products under the conditions of the test. In contrast to the alternate fast-stir method for Protein Dispersibility Index (PDI), AOCS Official Method Ba 10-65, the slower stirring technique used in this method will give generally lower results.

SCOPE
Applicable to ground soybeans, whole or ground full-fat and defatted soy flours and grits, and soybean meal.

AOCS Official Method Ba 3-38
Revised 2022
Oil in Seed Meals and Cakes

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by petroleum ether under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed meats, and cake and meal from cottonseed, soybeans, peanuts, and flaxseed.

AOCS Official Method Ba 1-38
Reapproved 2017
Sampling of Oilseed By-Products

SCOPE
Applicable to oilseed slab and sized cake, pellets and meal.

*Surplus methods have been declared obsolete by the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for one of the following reasons: obsolescence, replacement by another method, or a product associated with the method is no longer being marketed. Surplus methods are still available for historical and research purposes at the normal individual-method rate.*  

DEFINITION
This method determines the dispersible protein in soybean products under the conditions of the test. In contrast to the alternate slow-stir method for Nitrogen Solubility Index (NSI), AOCS Official Method Ba 11-65, the faster stirring technique used in this method will give generally higher results.

SCOPE
Applicable to ground soybeans, whole or ground full-fat or extracted flakes, full-fat and defatted soy flours and grits, and soybean meal.

*Surplus methods have been declared obsolete by the AOCS Uniform Methods Committee for one of the following reasons: obsolescence, replacement by another method, or a product associated with the method is no longer being marketed. Surplus methods are still available for historical and research purposes at the normal individual-method rate.*

AOCS Surplus Method Ba 12-75
Declared Surplus 2023
Trypsin Inhibitor Activity

DEFINITION
This method determines the total and residual trypsin inhibitors in food and feed products under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to soybean meals and flours (raw and toasted), to soy protein concentrates and isolates, and to corn-soy mixtures. Replaced by Ba 12a-2020.

AOCS Official Method Ba 8-78
Revised 2022
Total Gossypol in Cottonseed By-Products

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
Total gossypol defines gossypol and gossypol derivatives, both free and bound, in cottonseed products that are capable of reacting with 3-amino-1-propanol in dimethylformamide solution to form a diaminopropanol complex, which then reacts with aniline to form dianilinogossypol under the conditions of the method. Gossypol, gossypol analogs, and gossypol derivatives having an available aldehyde moiety are measured by the method.

SCOPE
Applicable to decorticated, glanded and glandless cottonseed, cottonseed flour, cooked cotton-seed meats, cottonseed press cake, cottonseed meal, crude cottonseed oil, and cottonseed soap stock.² Replaces Ba 8-55.

AOCS Official Method Ba 14-87
Reapproved 2017
Total Hexane Content in Extracted Meals

DEFINITION
The total residual hexane content in extracted meals is the quantity of volatile hydrocarbons desorbed by heating the sample at 110 °C with water in a closed vessel and determining hydrocarbons in the headspace by gas chromatography.

SCOPE
This method is applicable to the determination of the total amount of volatile hydrocarbons, expressed in terms of hexane, remaining in oilseed residues after extraction of the seed with hydrocarbon-based solvents. This method is equivalent to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Standard Method 1.171 (References, 1 and 2).

AOCS Official Method Ba 9-58
Reapproved 2017
Urease Activity

DEFINITION
This method determines the presence of residual urease in soybean products under the conditions of the test (References, 1).

SCOPE
Applicable to soybean meals, soy flour and to soybean mill feeds, except when urea has been added.

AOCS Official Method Bb 3-47
Reapproved 2017
Cellulose Yield, Pressure-Cook Method

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the yield of cellulose from cottonseed linters, specifically that amount of dry cellulose remaining after linters are pressure cooked and washed by this procedure. Values are expressed as a percentage of the “as received” sample.

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed linters and cottonseed hull fiber.

AOCS Official Method Bb 2-38
Reapproved 2017
Oil in Cottonseed Hulls

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by petroleum ether under the conditions of the test (see Reference).

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed hulls.

AOCS Official Method Bb 1-38
Reapproved 2017
Sampling Cottonseed Linters and Cottonseed Hull Fibers

SCOPE
Applicable to cottonseed linters and cottonseed hull fibers.

AOCS Official Method Bc 5-49
Reapproved 2017
Ash in Soybean and Canola Flours

DEFINITION
This method determines as ash the residue remaining after incineration under the conditions specified for the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to high-fat, low-fat, and defatted soybean or canola flours. Formerly Bc 4-47.

AOCS Official Method Bc 6-49
Reapproved 2017
Crude Fiber in Soybean Flours

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines as crude fiber the loss of incineration of the dried residue remaining after digesting the sample with dilute sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide as specified for the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to high-fat, low-fat, and defatted soybean flours. Formerly Bc 6-47. Refer to Ba 6-84.

AOCS Official Method Bc 2-49
Reapproved 2017
Moisture and Volatile Matter in Soybean Flour

DEFINITION
This method determines the moisture and any materials that are volatile under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to high-fat, low-fat, and defatted soybean flours. Formerly Bc 2-47.

AOCS Official Method Bc 4-91
Revised 2017
Nitrogen and Protein in Soybean and Canola Flours, Modified Kjeldahl Method

DEFINITION
This method determines total nitrogen content and protein as 6.25 times the nitrogen content of the sample.

SCOPE
Applicable to high-fat, low-fat, and defatted soybean and canola flours. Replaces Bc 4-49.

AOCS Official Method Bc 3-49
Reapproved 2017
Oil in Soybean Flour

This method references one or more additional AOCS methods, which will be included with the purchase of this method.

DEFINITION
This method determines the substances extracted by petroleum ether under the conditions of the test.

SCOPE
Applicable to high-fat, low-fat, and defatted soybean flours. Formerly Bc 3-47.